Drilling-machine.



No. 892,849. PATENTED JULY '7, 1968, J. P. KARNS.

DRILLING MACHINE.

APLG'IN'I .2190.

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DRILLING MACHINE.

APPLICATION I .23.1 o

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H In I PATENTED JULY 7, 1908.

' J. P. KARNS.

DRILLING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 23. 1907.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

'UNITED STATESv PATENT OFFICILl JOHN PRUE lentils,1 O'F BOULDER,odiEr-iii-D-O-,ssieiion 'ro THE J. e. KARNS TUNNELING iiiioniiin oo., orBOULDER, COLORADO.

DBILLING-MACHINE Specification of 'Letters'P'atent Appiication siedFebr'ufiryes, i907. seriai No. 358,867.

` a citizen of the United States, residing at Boulder, in the county ofBoulder and State of Colorado, have invented a new and useful Drilling-Machine, of which the following is a speciieation.

This invention has reference to improvements in drilling machinesparticularly adapted for use in drilling tunnels, drifts, air-shafts,and the like.

One of the Objects of the present invention is to provide a means forsupporting the drill-head, shaftA and other parts upon adjustablesupports on a truck or carrier in such maiinertliat the drill-head shaftmajv be maintained at all times in the plane of the desired line oftravel even when the truck or carrier may deviate therefrom due tovarious causes that may arise during the progress .of driving a tunnel.j lt is also an object olE the invention to provide means wherebyv alateral movement of the drill-head relative to the truck or carriage maybe eliected, so that the device may be arranged for driving a tunnelthrough an arc of any desirodiadius instead of in a straight line.A

lt is a further object of the invention to balance the machine byplacing upon the shaft carrying the drill-head a number ofcounterweights that may lie-added to or taken from, and thesecountei'weights are placed upon the drill-head shaft beyond the bearingsfor the same on the supporting truck at the end removed from the 'saiddrill-head, whereby the rill-head may be accurately counterbalancedunder the varying conditions to which the machine may be subjected whenin use.

.'lhe several objects of my invention are realized vin the machiin`which l will now proceed to describe and which is illustrated in theaccompanying drawings, in which,-

.Figure 1 is a. longitudinal section, partly in elevation, of a drillingmachine con; struc/ted iii accordance with my invention; Fig. 2 is atace or front view of the drill head; Fig. 3 is a rear elevation oll themachine with the counterweights omitted; Fig. t is a crosssectionthrough olie of the journal boxes; and some of the adjacent parts; Fig.5 is a plan View, looking from below, ol' the two journal boxes andconnecting parts; Fig. 6 is a top plan View of the truck or carriageupon Patented July '7, 1908.

`which'tlie drill-head bearings are mounted with the skeleton frameentering the same shown in transverse section; Fig. 7 is a detailsection through a headshowing a portion of one of the cutter blades andmeans for portion of lthe drillremovably securing the same to thedrill-head 3 this figure. being drawn on a larger scale than thepreceding figures; Figs. 8 and 9 are detailed views Oldifferent 'formsof ieamer blades to illust-rate the provision for the co ment thereof;Fig. 10 is a section, part arse and ine adjusty iii elevation, of one ofthe anti-friction ballcarriers; Fig. 11 is an end view of the frontend'of the main shaft drill-head; Fig. 12 is a where it carries thecross section, partly in elevation, ot the mechanism for imparting arotary motion to the drill-head shaft; Fig.

13 is a longitudinal section,

tion, of the same struc partly in elevature; and Figi 14 is' a detail otone of the supporting jaekscrews and its removable seat.

/ Referring irst to the structure, as shown iii Figs. 1, 2 and 3,consists ot' a spider 1 ol a kii-iii-iieiid, this iaineter a little Seless than the )ore of the tunnel to be cut.

This drill-head spider consists of a hub 2 from which project a numberof radial arms 3 integral with a number of concentric rings 4, the outerone of which constitutes the periphery of the. drill-head.

Each arm 3 has formed on its rear face as an integral art thereo ringLldlias formed on jecting 'web 6, the hub, being all formed as a web 5,and each it a iearwai'dlv-proarms, rings an webs L one integral whole.

Each web extends from its corresponding arm to the rear end of the hub 2at the point of juncture and this `web is of gradually decreasing widthtoward the per head to a point near th ring el.

of these two parts,

widens until it merges into the web 6 ol' the outer ring 4, which `ltends to the rear as fail as the. rear About midway of the outer the hub2.

iphery of the drille web 6 on the outer At this point the web graduall)ast-named web exedge olE web 6 and formed on its inner face so as toproject radially inwar( of the drill-head is a web 7.

l toward the center shortstrengthening if,

The structure just, described is such that `the drill-headl spider isbraced in all directions and may come against strain that may be biagainst strains that its Vfront face and no 'ought to bear upon 110`stantially reference to other iigures of the drawings.I

Secured to the arms 3 tangential to the boss 8 are a number ofcutter-blades 10 of a length sufficient to span two arms, as shown, andbeyond these tangential blades each arm carries a series of blades 11parallel to the blades 10, and still further toward the periphery of thedrill-head each arm has another set of parallel cutter-blades 12'shorter than the blades 11 and set at a j slightly flatter angle to,the arc described CII by al-l the blades as the drill-head rotates.

Now, for structural reasons, the drill- -head is made of two halves, asindicated in the drawings, after the manner of an` ordinary splitpulley, and the meeting edges of these two halves are formed with arms'3 of less width than the other arms 3 but the combined width of twocontiguous arms is greater than that of any single arm 3 elsewherelocated. For this reason the cutter-blades 10-11`12 secured to thesearms are somewhat longer than those secured to the other arms, so as tostraddle the intervening space between the arms. The rings 4 of thedrill-head are extended slightly beyond the adjacent arms 3, and thewebs 5 are correspondingly thickened at these points to provide for thepassage Aof the securing bolts 13 by which the two halves of thedrill-head are secured together. Between the arms, the drill-head isrovided with a number of radial cutter-blades 14 extending from theinnermost ringV 4 to the next adjacent outer ring 4, and from the latterring to the peripheral ring 4 are a number of other cutter-blades 15 allof which Alatter are adjustable radially oute ward and constitute reamerblades as will hereinafter appear. The several blades of the drill-headare secured to the spider by means best shown in Fig. 7.

In Fig. 7 only one of the arms 3 is shown and this will illustrate themanner of fastening the cutter-blades to the drill-head; however, theseblades are carried both by the arms 3 and the rings 4. Formed in the'outer face of the arm 3 is a groove 16 arranged at a suitable angle toreceive the inner edge of one of the cutter-blades,l say, a cutter-blade11. At one side of the groove v16 the arm 3 is formed with a rib 17, notshown in F ig. 7 but clearly shown in Fig. 2, and this rib terminates inan enlargement 13 through which extends a perforation to the rear faceof the arm 3,

ceases receives the shank of an' reference to Fig. 2 it will be seenthat each bladeis held to the drill-head by two or more of the bolts 19.It will also be seen that the cutter-blades are thus securely held intheir -seatsbut at the same time, by removing the nuts 22, thesecutter-blades may readily be removed. As shown in'Fig. 7 and also inFigs. 1 and 2, the cutting edge of each of these blades is formed intoteeth 23, each generally frusto-pyramidal in shape with an elongatedrectangular base and an elongated cutting face. a I

Those radial cutter blades 15 which I have termed reamer blades extendbeyond the outer ring 4 of the drill-head and are there supported bybrackets 24integral with the ring 4 and projecting outward therefrom ina.

radial. direction. These brackets have grooves like the groove 16 inFig. 7 and ribs 17 for receiving and supporting the cutter blades. Thebrackets serve as supports for those portions of the reamer blades whichproject beyond the periphery of the outer ring 4 and at the same timeprovide ample clearance space for the drillehead outside of said outerring 4.

These reamer blades project a short distance beyond the outer ends ofthebrackets 24 and arethere formed with ra? dially projecting reamer teeth25 in addition to the teeth 23, which latter are like those of the otherblades. The reamer blades are cut away back of the teeth 25 so as toprovide clearance space and to provide for the wear of these teeth. Theextent of radial projection of the teeth 25 ofthe reamer blades bej yondthe brackets 24 will determine the diameter of the bore of the tunnel ascut by the drill-head.

In the operation of the machine the teeth 25 willrbe gradually worn oil'on their radially outward edges and provision is therefore vmade foradjusting these blades 15 radially outward. In order to facilitate theadjustment of these bladesthere is provided a line adjustmentfor someof' themand a coarse adj ustment for others. For instance, a certainfew, say, four, ol the reamer blades, equi distantly arranged around theperiphery of the drill-head, are provided with smooth slots 26, as shownin F ig. 9, for the reception of the ends 2O of the bolts 19; and therear faces of these particular blades' are provided with one or 'more.lugs 27 against -which abuts an adjusting set screw 28 suitablythreaded through a vlixed studon an appropriate portion of thedrill-head. By simply loosening the nuts 22 of the bolts 19 a verydelicate radially outward i balls jamming under the action of the largeball. The ball cups 44 are each provided with a central perforation lleading from the bottom of the rece tacle 46, so that any par. ticles`of matter willich may find their way into the receptacle 46 willultimately esca e through this passav'eway 51. When seated 1n thepockets 43 eac cup 44 is adjustable in a radial direction to or from theshaft by means ofa set-screw 52. YVithin the lower hali of the journalcasing are placed as many of these ball-bearing units as space willpermit for the Weight of the part supported by these ballbearing unitsis great and it is desirable to reduce the friction to a minimum. Theupper section of the journal casing is not provided with as manyball-bearing units, since this section of the casing is subjected tovery little lateral thrust from the shaft, it only being necessary toprovide that the shaft be kept in strict alinement in its bearings so.far as the pper ball-bearing units are concerned. In-order'to providefor wear, the shaft 32 is surrounded where it passes through eachjournal bearing, with a hardened steel sleeve 32 against which theball-bearings engage and w 'oh when worn, ma be readily replaced with anew one wit lout damage or wear to the shaft itself. j It will beobserved that in Figs. 1 and 4 the ball-bearing cups are shown asrectangular in cross section, while in Fig. the edges are chamfered. Thepurpose of this latter construction will be shown further on since thecups as illustrated in Fig. 10 are designed to be used in another partof the structure.

Before referring to the other arts connected with the bed-plate 37, Iwil first describe the truck onwhlch the weight of the structure issupported andby which the whole, structure 1s permitted to be movedforward. This truck consists of two skeleton endframes 53 joined at thesides by trusses 54, the arts being firmly bolted together. At the oWercorners of each skeleton frame 53 are formed j ournal bearings 55 forrollers 56. These rollers 56 are so supported by the journal bearings 55that the plane of rotation of 4the rollers on one side of the truck willintersect the plane of rotation of the rollers on the other side of thetruck at the axis of the shaft .32,- in other words, the rollers arelarranged to rotate in planes radial to the axis of the 55 'ournal. Thebed-plate 37 between the two lower sections of the journal casing isformed with a rectangular, downwardly-projecting skeleton frame 57 whichenters, the space formed between the truck members 53 and 60 the trusses54, and this frame 57 acts as a x guide for the journal bearing supportsin the truck, so that the journal bearing `supports may be'movedvertieallyfor ali distance with relation to thetru'ck and the fit of 65the parts is sufficiently loose to permit a cer- 1 tain limited lateralswing of the journal bearings with relation to the truck. Ad'acent tothe four corners' of the truck, which is suhstantially rectangular ingeneral shape, are adjusting j aekscrews 58 engaging in suitable nutsformed in the truck frame and .having` capstan heads 59 below the' pointof engage ment with the bed-plate 37, at which latter point thebed-plate 37 is A)rifvided with ellip tical seats 60 to receive thethrust of the l: jackscrews, and each of these seats is surrounded by anelliptical ila-nge 61 to prevent possible disengagement of the jaclrscrew with the seat 60. By adjusting the four jacl screws, thejournal bearings together 'with the shaft 32 and the drill-head may beli'te/.l

as desired to bring the shaft into alinerne: with the axis of the tunneland to accommodate the truck to the various conditions that may arise.@ther j aclrscrews 62 are pre vided adjacent to the j aclrscrews 58 andar-I ranged at an angle both if'ertically and horizontally to the axisof the machine, one end 63 of the jackscrews being threaded andseated'in a nut formed in the lower' face of the bedplate 37 andtheother end in abutment with a lug 64 on the top el' the adjacentportionci the truck frame near one of the jackscrews The angle of thejackscrews 62 is such that they will tend to move the shaft 'and itsbearlings together with the drill-head horizontaliy upon a vertical axissubstantially central to the bed-plate 37'. The elliptical seats 60 andianges 61 are curved on a radius struck from the center of the bed-plate37 and thus constrain this bedplate to move around a vertice?. axis whenthe aclrscrews 62 are properly ma nipulated. The approximate extent ofange lar movement of the bed-pla te 37 is indicated in Fig. 5 by thedisplacement of the dotted out lines with relation to the solidoutlines. lri marily, the jackscrews 62 are intended to e'eot the slightangular movement of the drill-head in relation to the truck, that whereit is desired to drill a tunnel on curve this may be done when the planeof travel of the truck is out of alincincnt horizontally with the planeof travel of the shaft. 'in arl-- dition to this function, thejaclrscrews 62 alsr serve, when properly manipidatcd, to lo "n the shaftand ournal bearings together 'en the drill-head in the position towhichV they have been adjusted with relation to the truck. The frame 57of the bed-plete 37 is on being moved up and down in the pocker;-therefor formed in 'the truck, subjected to more orless wear. Forthispurpose hardened steel wearing plates 65 are secured thereto atappropriate places and these plates nir-.y be readily replaced whenworn.

,orden that the drill-head and orts may be prevented from lifti p romthe truck, each upper half of th nal casing is provided with two rediniarms, best shown in Fig. 4 inn ales; .f

seams? again as occasion may require and in practice it will be made `atcomparatively frequent intervals. The rest of the reainer blades l5 areprovided with similar slots 29, as best shown in Fig. 8, but instead ofthese slots being smooth,.as shown in Fig. 9, the bottom walls of theslots are formed into a series ol' curved seats 30 all of such size asto receive and seat the heads of the bolts lQ These last-named reamerblades can therefore be adjusted only step-by-step, each step.

representing a movement equal to the diametrical thickness or' the head20 oi' a bolt 19. New, by adjusting the reamer blades 15 having thesmoothslots .26, the diameter of the bore ofthe tunnel has been kepttrue, but the reamer blades l5 having the coarse adjustment have beenwearing away and becoming shorter and shorter. Ultimately this wearingaway is equivalent to the width of one oi' the seats 30, or, in otherwords, to the width of the head. 2() of a bolt l). Then this oc-l cursall of these coarsely-adjustable reainer blades may be moved radiallyoutward a distance equal to the thickness of the head 1Z0 of a bolt 19and. then locked in the adjusted position.

rThe brackets Zeil are provided at the rear with webs 3l l'or impartingstrength thereto, and these webs are so spaced as to leave room lor thenuts ol the bolts 19 which are provided for fastening the outer ends ofthe reamer blades to the drill-head.

in order that the teeth ol' the cutter-blades may reach every portionol" the surface to be eut, the teeth. on acent cutter-blades arearranged to mov'c, the drill-head rotates, in arcs interposed. betweenthe arcs described by the teeth of adjacent cutter-liilades.

It will be observed that the cutters on the boss S project l'urtherforward than those on the rest of the drill-howl, and this` will causethe drill-.head to out a central or guiding passage into the end vwallof the tunnel in advance ol' the main portion ol the drill-heard, thusserving to lead the. drill-head and maintain in the plane of traveldeterl-nined upon.

Coming, now, to the means of support-ing the drill-head, there is shownu shalt 32, the

.front end ol' which is reduced in diameter and e lormed'into au.

approximately-rectangular portion 323 beyond which the shalt is againreduced into a substantially rectangular' portion 34. and whichterminates in a cylindrical portion The hub 2 is similarly formed withshouldered pmtions to receive the step portions 33-34 of the shaft andthe cylindrical portion 35 thereof. The hub is secured to the portieri35 of the shaft by a key or pin in the usual manner. Since, as willhereinafter more fully appear,

l l l l l l. l l

l j l j l l. l j j l l l vthe torni of a bed-plate 37 subjected to heavyerul-thrust impacts, it will be seen that the step portions 233-34--35form extended thrust bearings for the drillhead and the impact blows aretherefore well distributed. over this end of the shaft. Further thanthis it will be observed that the substantially rectangular portionsSBfB-t will cause the huh -to rotate with the shaft without bringingundue strain upon the pin 36 and the reduced end 35 ol the shalt.

In order to support the heavy weight of a structure of this characterwhere the drillhead is many feet in diameter and heavy blows aredelivered thereby, l. have devised a special form of journal bearing andsupporting truck therefor. The journal bearings, or" which.v there aretwo suitably spaced apart are shown in Figs. 1, 3, 4 and 5. The twobearings and the spacing connection are `n carrying at the two endssemi-cylindrical lower portions 3S-39 olf' the journal casing, allstrengthened by a suitable web construction, as indicated. in thedrawings, but wliich need not be particularly described. The journalcasings are completed by the semi-oylimlrieal caps 4t), also providedwith strengthening webs, and these two parts, namely, the bottom hall"oi each journal and the top half or cap thereof, are joined at theirmeeting faces by bolts -l-l passing through flanges 4?. provided l'orthe purpose and in the manner common to structures olf this character.Formed on the inner l'ace of each. lower half of the journal casing is aseries of pockets 48 for hall-bearing cups de, best shown in Fig. 10though shown (juite clearly but on a much sn'laller scale in Figs. l and4. 'lhese ball-l-)earing cups le are each composed of a cylindricalcasting having a peripheral lla-nge 45 at the upper edge and asemi-spherical cup-shaped receptacle 45 .l'or the balls constituting theball-bearing. rl`his ball-bearing is composed of a large ball 47 seatedon a number ol smaller balls 4S embracing practically hall the Isurfaceof the large ball and disposed between the latter' and the Wallsof thesemispherical receptacle loll The; balls are retained within the cup bya top plate do" having an opening 49 of suitable shape lo permit theball #i7 to project a distance and at the groove 50, of such size as topermit the upper row of balls to play around the same freely. so thatwhen the large.l ball 47 is rotated the balls are slowly carried downone side and up the other sideinto the free runway 50, when they willreadily be diverted laterally and uickly l'ind their way around thisrunway to follow the downward stream o f balls passing under the largeball 47. This Jfree runway is an important feature of these 'ball-l.earings the shaft is since it prevents any danger of the smallercorresponding shown at 67 and there receiving the journals of a roller68 adapted to travel along,T in

Contact with the walls of the up er section of the tunnel. The inner endof vt ie bar 66 is seated in a pocket formed of two parts, one part 69being formed upon the u )per portion of the journal casing and the oterv part being separately formed and provided with a flange 71 bolted toa similari ange 7 2 formed on the part 69. Outside this pocket the oar66 is threaded, as shown at 78, and there receives a headed nut 74,between the head' of which and the end of the pocket is a spring 75.Each thrust-rod 66 of one journal casing is connected by a bar 76 to thethrust-rod of the other upper journal casing, so that the said'bars 66will operate in iairs. These thrust-rods serve to maintain t eshaft 32and the journal bearings and parts carried thereby firmly seated on thetruck, while at the same time they yield to any adjustment of the truckby means of the jackscrews before-mentioned. Wvhe'n it is desired toremove the machine from. a tunnelor to retract it for any distance,these thrust-bars are removed by disengaging them from the upper journalcasing' at the Aflanges rZl'Z. New', in order to counterbalance theweight of the drill-head,

, which is considerable, and thereby prevent an unequal strain upon thethrust-bars 66 and possible n'iisalinement of the .shaft with relationto the'truck carrying the same, because there is no posit-ive connectionbetween the shaft jmirnal structure and the said truck, that end of theshaft which is remote from the drill-head has placed upon it at ashortdistance from the rear journal support of the shaft av number ofcounterweights 7 7, the said shaft at this point being reduced, as shownat 78, to receive these weights, and by making the weights in sev-'eral-pieces it is possible to nicely adjust them to the exigencies ofpractical service.` The drill-headshaft is in Apractice connected to asuitable steam driving mechanism which will cause a reciprocation of theshaft through a limited` distance, the said shaft being connecteddirectly to the piston of the driving mechanism and the truclf` beine,rconnected through braces 79 to the cylinder of said engine. This drivingmechanism is Anot shown7 since in itself it forms no part of the presentinvention, and. any well-line wn form of driving mechanism which willproduce the reciprocating action desired may be used; such, forinstance, as is used in connection with steam hammers. New, it isdesirable in connection with the reciprocatory motion of the drillheadthat it be slowly turned so as to bring the cutter-blade teeth againstsuccessively fresh portions of tha surface to be eut and so chip thesaine away, the ion boing similar quite wide, as indicated in Fig. 18.

to the action ota stone niasons chisel. For this purpose I have deviseda rotary feed mechanism which will. cause the shaft by its reciprocationto be slowly rotated. This means for rotatingr the drill-head isillustrated in Fig. l and on a larger scale in Figs.

-12 and 13. ,Upon the shaft, at a point midway between the two journalcasings ol theshaft, there is secured to the latter a sleeve 80 by keys81. This sleeve has in its outer surface grooves 82 extendinglongitudinally thereof at a slight angle to the plane of reciproeationof the said. shaft. Encircling this sleeve is a .narrow Icollar 83carrying.;` on its inner face a number of anti-friction balls 84engaging and arranged to travel in the grooves 82 and held to the collar83 by an annular plate 85 and engaging said collar in longitudinalgrooves 86 formed on its inner face. The plate 85 is held to the collarby end-plates 87 fast thereon at each end so that this plate is confinedto said collar by said end-plates 87. The collar 83 is mounted in abearing composed of a lower section 88 formed integral with thebed-plate 37 midway between the two journal bearings for the shaft. Thebearing of the collary 83 is completed by a cai-plate 89 secured to thebottom portion of tLhe bearing;l by bolts 90 passing through ears 91formed upon both parts of the journal bearing at the meeting edgestliereof. The collar 83 is confined in the bearing from moving laterallythorein by an i1i\\'a1dly-projecting annula.` flange .(32 formed on eachside of both parts of the bearing, and in order to reduce the frictionbetween this eollar and its journal to a minimum, a series ofanti-friction balls 98 are arranged in suitable raceways formed in both4the collar and the journal box. adjacent to the flanges Q2.

It will now be seen that when the shaft is reciprocated the inclined.grooves 82 will tend to cause a rocking of the collar S3, about itsaxis, which latter is coincident with the axis of the shaft 32.

To restrict the rotary motion of the collar 83 to one direction only,the said collar has upon its periphery midway between its ends acontinuous series of ratchet teeth 94, and in the cap portion 8l) of thejournal bearing arrl formed a number (there being eight shown in thedrawings) of radial slots in which play gravity pawls 96, the inner endsof which. are arranged to engage the teeth 94 on the collar 83 wheu'thelatter is turned in one direction but to permit the teeth to lift thepawls and ride under the same when the collar is moved in the otherdirection. A large number of teeth are disposed around the collar 83 andfor this reason the pawls are necessarily quite thin. ln order,therefore, to ncrease their weight so that they will acl promptly and bygravity only, they aire made n order to turn the collar in a f teeth 94to ride under and are grouped so that more than when desired, an eye 97is formed in the upper end of each where it` projects from'the slotreceiving it. Since the pawls act by gravity alone, it is advisable toreduce the frictional Contact betweenthem and lthe walls of the slots,and' for this purpose the walls are cut away both at 'the sides and endsof the pawls, as shown at '98, so that the pawls engage the slots only4near the outer and inner portions thereof. l

lt will now be seen that whenl the shaft 32 is moved in one directionthe grooves 82, acting through the anti-friction balls 84, will tend toturn the collar 83 in a direction and to an extent depending upon thepitch of the said grooves 82 to the plane of reciprocation of the saidshaft, and when the shaft is moved in the other direction it will. tendto return the collar 83 to its original position. Now, if the firstmovement of reciprocation tends direction to cause the the pawls, thiscollar will move rotatively for a distance corresponding to the angle ofthe grooves 82 to the Y plane of reciprocation of the shaft and also theextent of reciprocation of the shaft. When, however, the shaft isreciprocated thev reverse direction, this collar is held against returnmovement by certain of the pawls and the shaft is itself rotated for adistance equal to the rotative movement of the collar 83 caused by thefirst' movement o'f the shaft.

In the operation of drilling it is customary to reciprocate thedrill-head through different distances from a maximum to a minimum tostrike blws of various force, as desired. The grooves 82 acting upon thecollar 83 will therefore move this collar about its axis distancescommensurate with the degree of reciprocation vof the shaft 32. It isdesirable that the shaft be rotated at every reciprocation. If but onepawl 96 were used, the shaft would ciprocation was suflicient to cause amovement of the collar '83 sufficient to carry a tooth under that pawl.lBut sometimes the reciprocation is less and in such case no rotativefeeding of the shaft would occur. To provide for,`this a number of pawlsare used one pawl will engage a tooth'at a time, this latter effect,however, only being for the .purpose of relieving the structure of toomuch strain, since la .single pawl engaging a single tooth might in.large machines result in stripping the tooth from the collar. Now, byarranging the pawls in series so that a number of pawls will cover alarger number of teeth, which number of teeth, however, is less than thelowest multiple of the number of pawls,

provision is made for having a pawl of each y series engage a tooth eventhough the shaft be rotated only when the re-l 'dius of the flange 6 oft eeasaa that these pawls may be readily removed Y be reciprocated but afraction of its I' mum reciprocation. Suppose the maximum time engage atooth 94. Suppose, now, that the operator desires to strike a lighterblow. Theshaft is reciprocated formerly and the tooth pawl will nolonger be carried from under the same to an extent suflicient to enablethis pawl to engage the next tooth. One 'of the succeeding pawls,however, which are so spaced as to engage teeth at various points upontheir inclined surfaces, will by thisl time have dropped in front of atooth and will prevent the return movement of the collar 83, and,consequently, the shaft 32 will be rotated to a corresponding extent,althou h not that of the full length of a tooth. nthe structure shownthe minimum feed of the collar 83 which will cause a rotation of theshaft 32 is one quarter of thelength' of a tooth, since there are seventeeth embraced by any four successive awls. With this structure it willbe seen t at to all practical purposes, whatever the length of stroke ofthe reciprocating shaft, there'will always be a rotation of the same tolan extent proportional to the extent of reciprocation of the shaft.

In order to motion of the s aft 32, the journal boxes for shaft willturn the collar 83 a distance of one tooth. Under such.

conditions the Erst pawl to the each series, as shown in Fig. l2, willeach to a less extent than i engaged' by the iirst 95, rovide for thereciprocatory i said shaft are located far enoudgh apart to cribe wittake in the mechanism des reference to Figs. v12 'and 13 for causing theprogressive rotary feeding of the shaft and to allow for thereciprocation of the sleeve 80 which, -when the shaft is reciprocated,rides through the collar 83 and its supporting parts. The ball-bearingswhich constitute the journal bearings for the shaft 32 permit bothreciprocator and rotary motion j of said shaft,' as wi be readilyunderstood.` It will be understood, however, that other types ofanti-friction bearings maybe used for* the shaft and other partsinstead'of the ball-bearings herein described. n

To provide additional support for the drillhead there isplaced in frontof the truck and on each side of the vertical axis of 'the machinesupporting means for the drill-head Vcomprising a segmental. casting inthe form` of a rectangular late 99 bent on an aro of which the axis othe shaft 32 is the center and on a radius slightl longer than the raeouter ring 4' of the drill-head. Each of these plates. 99, which areshown in Figs. l and 3, are provided with a number of ball cups 44, suchas shown in Fig. 10, and these ball cups project through the plate andthe lower. faces are chamfered as shown at 100 in Fig. 10. On the outerface of each plate99 are journaled drill-head has been properly,v

. drill-head begins to reci procate,

iwill maintain the drill-head egaal@ a number the said face and designedto travel on the contiguous wall of the tunnel behind the drill-head,while the balls 47 projecting from the other face of the plate engagethe outer periphery of the flange 6 of the outer ring 4 of thedrill-head. These plates serve to support in part the Weight ol thedrill-head and constitute a broad bearing which will prevent thestructure from sinking into the Walls ot' the tunnel should, forinstance, the front Wheels of the truck on either sides or' both hanento pass over a sott portion ot' the Wall of the tunnel. Each plate 99 isconneetedto the front of the truck by the stayrods 103 and 104, whilethe lower ends of the said plates are connected together by otherstay-rods 105, so that these plates are rigidly supported. They are soplaced as to permit the reciprocation of the drill-head with the shaft32 Without interference.

New, let it be assumed that the machine is about to operate to d-rill atunnel. The structure is moved to the roper point by any suitable meansand the tlirust-bars 66 are adjusted to the Walls of the tunnel; also,the

alined and leveled by means of the jackscrews 5S and (52 and thecounteibalance weights 77 have been pro erly placed, and the reamerblades have all lieen adjusted to cut a tunnel oll the desired. bore,the engine is started and the The cutterblades are brought into contactwith the end of the tunnel, those on the boss 8 cutting a small centralguide bore in front ol' the main bore of the tunnel cut by the remainingblades. The reciprocation of the drill-head is continued and the saiddrill-head is slowly rotated as the eut `-ng proceeds. From` time totime it becomes necessary to adjust those reamer blades provided withthe fine adjustment, and, at less frequent intervals, those providedwith the coarse adjustment. As the machine progresses and soft spots inthe tunnel may be encountered, the plates 99 in alinement with the axisof the bore ol' the tunnel, since they provide a broad bearing for thel'ront of the truck. From time to time it may become necessary to causethe machine. to bore on a curve, in which case the shaft is turned at aslight angle to the line of travel olI the truck by means ot theIjackscrews 62 as before explainedL ln this latter case it will benecessary, ofcourse, to correspomlingly adjust the supplementalsupporting plates $10 by loosening up the rods 103, 1041 and 10.3, andagain fastening them in place alter the adjustmcnts have been made.

The drill-head may be led lorward toward the breast ol' thc. tunnel thecut progresses in any suitable manner and by any suitable means, but assuch means in itsel l'orxns no l l l i j i bearings of rollers 101 inears 102 formed. on l part of the present invention and may, if desired,be of any known type adapted to the purpose, it is not shown in thedrawings and no description thereot` is deemed. necessary.

The jaekscrews 58 work in nuts formed in blocks 106, preferably madesquare and extending through square openings in the truck members overthe truck wheels. 'lhese openings are indicated in dotted lines at 107in Fig. 6. Around the upper 'lace ot' the block 106 is formed a flange10S which engages the portion of the truck trame 53 innnediatelysurrounding thc opening 107 and so supports the block 106. By making theblock 106 separate from the truck vframe this block may be made ofspecially tempered steel and the nut for the jacliscrew 58 may easily be'l'ormcd therein. Also, the threads being subject to wear, the block maybe readily replaced at any time without interference with the truck ornecessitating the replacing of large and expensive castings. Since theweight ol the shalt and parts earricd thereby and the journal bearingsfor the shalt are all supported upon thc jacliscrews 58, the blocks 106will be held in-thei'r seats in the truck frames 53 without any specialfastening means.

l claim j 1. v.ln a drilling machine, a rotatable drillhead, a shaftcarrying said drill-lived, journal 'for the shalt, a truck, andadjusting screws carried by the truck and forming the sole support forbut not connected to the journal bearings.

'.2. ln a drilling machine. a drill-head, a shalt, journal bearings lorthe shalt, a truck, a guide on the journal bearings enacting with butnot connected to the truck, and adjustable supports between the truckand the journal bearings.

3. .ln a drilling vmachine, a drill-head,4 a shalt, journal bearings forthc shul't, a truck, a guide between the truck and the journallgiearing's, permittingr the latter to move vcrtically, said guide beinglocated midway ol the journal bcarings and movable iu the trucrLLandvertically adjustubl(` supports for the journal bearings located to thcliront and rear of said guide.

- 4. ln a drilling machine, a drill-head, a shalt for the drillduad,journal bearings lor thc shalt, a truck, a guid(` bctwcnn tlu` truck andjournal bearings, located .midway ol' the latter and movable verticallyin the truck, and adjusting screws carried by the trui-k at thc l'rontand rcur ot' said guiding' comufction und engaging but not connctcd tothc journal bearings.

lr. a drillingl machine, a drill-lead, a shalt and connected spacedjournal bearings l'or thc .samt- :i truch, :t guide locatcd but wcentluA journal bearings and entering and movi ceases vertically in thetruck frame, and adhle supports for the front and rear of y guidemounted upon the truck frame ier on said journal earings and bletherewith, a truck receiving said f, and verticallyadjustable supportson p truck for said journal bearings.

ln a drilling machine, a drill-head, a and journal supports thereforcon- 'A and spaced apart in alinement with i f naft, a guiding memberformed on the bottom of the connected journal supports, a truck havingan extended wheel base with a receptacle therebetween for the guide onthe journal supports, and adjusting screws lof'ed above the wheels ofthe truck andenf) the journal supports. In vaf drilling machine, adrill-head, a shaft and connected and spaced journal suppo stherefor, aguide member formed on said journal supports intermediate of the same, atrucl-r having an extended wheel base and composed of two joinedwheel-carrying members anc receiving the guide on the journal supportsin the space between the said wheel- *i carrying members, and a numberof jackwheels of the si'irev-Js, each located over the truclr andcarrying the weight of the drillhead, shaft 'and journal supports.

Q. ln a drilling machine, a drill-head, a shaft and journa supports forthe same, a truck, jaclrscrews between the truck and the journalsupports, and elliptical seats formed on the journal supports,

10. In a drilling machine, a drill-head, a shaft and journal supportsfor 4the same, a

truck, jackscrews carried by the truck andcarrying the journalelliptical seats on the jaclrscrews.

l". 'In a drilling machine, a drill-head, a shaft and journal supportsfor the same, a truck, adjusting means between the truck and the journalsupports for moving the latter vertically, and otherf adjusting meansbetween the truck and journal supports at each end of said truck andmoving the ylatter in around a vertical axis.

12. In a drilling machine, a drill-head, a shaft and journal supportsfor the same, a truck, jaclrscrews between the latter and the journalsupports, flanged seats on the journal supports for the heads of theackscrews, and means for moving the journal supports together with theshaft and drill-head in a horizontal plane upon a vertical axis.

13. in a drilling machine, a drill-head, a shaft and spaced journalsupports for the supports, and flanged the journal supports for ahorizontal plane same, a truck carrying said journal supports, J

Yiournal bearin s therefor, a

journal supports for .shaft carrying the same at vertical 'andhorizontal and located between the truck and journal supportsfor movingthe latter in a horizontal plane upon a vertical aXis.

15.In a drilling machine, a drill-head, a shaft and journal supports forthe same, a truck, jackscrews between rthe truclriand journal supportsfor supporting the latter and moving them vertically, other jackscrewsbetween the truck and journal supports and arranged at an angle to bothfor' moving the journal supports in a horizontal plane about a verticalaxis, and elongated seats for the vertically-operating jackscrewsprovided with means for coniining the heads of the screws to the seats.

16. In a drilling machine, a drill-head, a shaft therefor and carryingthe drill-head at one end, journal supports for the shaft, a trucksupporting but unsecured to the journal supports, and a counterweightbeyond the journal supports and on that end of the shaft remote from thedrill-head.

17. In a drilling machine,- a drill-head, a shaft carrying the same atone end, spaced journal supports for the shaft, a truck carrying thejournal supports but unconnected therewith, and a sectionalcounterweight upon the shaft beyond the journal supports. at the endremote from that carrying the drill-head.

18. In a drilling machine, a drill-head, a shaft and journal supportstherefor, a guide formed on the journal supports, a truck receiving saidguide, adjusting son rws for moving the journal supports vertically andcarried by the truck, seats for the vertically-moving adjusting screws,and other adjusting screws interposed between the truck and the journalsupports at plane about /a vertical axis.

19. In a drilling machine, a drill-head, a sha t carrying the same atone end, journal supports for said shaft, a truck carrying said journalsupports, and a counterweight upon said sh aft beyond the ournalsupports at the plnddremote from the end carrying the drill- 20. In adrilling machine, a drill-head, a one end, spaced journal supports forthe shaft, counterweights upon the shaft beyond the journal supports atthe end remote from the drill-head, a truck having an extended wheelbase, and carriers upon the truck upon which the an angle and opei atingto move the said journal supports in a horizontalv ellipticalcircurnscribed lthe nuts and the ends ol journal supports rest and uponwhich they are'balaneed bj; the eouiiterweights.

'314 In a drilling maohine, a Killah-head, a

ports for the shaft', a truck having radially dlsposed wheels located indiametriel planes cutting the journal supports for the shatt,

shattieairj'inpl the sa ie zu'. one end, spaced and thrust bars.mount-ed on the journal sup and eonneoted journal sujrp'orts ior theshaft, eounterweights upon the shalt beyond the journal su pports at theend ren'iote from the.

.drill-head, a truck with an. extended wheel base, and adjusting screwsnea-r the ends olt the truck engaging" the journal supports andconstituting the sole oairier `for the journal supports and the partsmounted thereon.

32. ln a drilling machine, a drill-head, a shalt carrying the sano` atone end, spaced and eonaeeted journal supports for the shaft, guide`formed upon said journal supports, truck havingf an extended wheel baseand receiving the guide on the journal supports, a. oount-erweight onthe shalt beyondthe journal supports at the end remote from thedrill-head, and jaohserews oarried by said truckover the wheels thereofand constituting the sole support for the journal boxes and partsrarried thereby.

'23. ln a drilling;l machine, a drill-head, a shaft carrying the saine.journal supports lor the shaft, a truck upon which the journal supportsare mounted, and yielding thrustbars projectingl trom said journalsupports' for engaging the upper walls ot the bore formed by the saiddrilling machine.

24. In a. drillingv inarhine. a drill-head, a

shaft earrjfing the saine, journal supports tor the shaft, a. trueliupon whirh thi` journal sup#` ports are mounted and radially disposedupwardly-extending yielding thrust-bars on said journal supports.

25. lin a drilling;A nun-lune, a drill-head. a shat't earryiiugr thi`saine. spared journal supports for the shalt, a traveling earrier torthe journal suppmts, and spared lvielding' thrustbars roaming' with eaehjournal support to `maintain the shal't in alim-nient with the axis otthe bore l'ornnxd bi' said drillinggnarhin@I 2o. ln. a drillinglnuufhine. a drill-h(ad, a shatt carrying' the saine. journal supportslor the shalt, thrust-lans carried bj' said journal supports andpoelieted therein, springs surrounding' said thrust bars, and adjustableabutments on. the bars eontining said springs 'laetueenthe saidabntanents and the ends of the poeliets.

L7. inA :1 -drilling niarhine, a drill-head, a shalt eai'iafnigI thesaine, journal supports for. the shat't, tbrustliearings projeetingin anupward dirert ion troni said journal supports, pockets lorrued on saidjournal supports for receiving said.v thrust bars. nuts engaging`threaded portions ot said bars, and springs surroundiiuzj said bars andeontined between the porliets.

2h. Vlu a drilling, machine, a drill-hearha shalt carrying the saine,spared journal supports in the diametrie planes of the truck wheels andv substantially diametrically opposed thereto.

29. ln a drilling machine, a drill-head, a shaft eai'ryiiie the saine,spaced journal supports for the shalt, a truek havingT its wheelsradially disposed iu diametrie planes cutting the journal supports, andradialljxdisposed lyielding; thrust bars removably secured to thejournal supports and extending in the diametrie planes olf the truel:wheels and substantially diainetrieallj opposed thereto.

30. ln a drilling machine, a drill-head, a shalt eari'ying;l the saine,journal supports for the shat't having radially-disposed two-partpockets formed thereon, thrust-bars seated in said pockets, adjustablenuts carried by said thrust-bars, `and springs interposed between saidadjustable nuts and the ends of `the pockets.

3l. Il'n a drilling,l machine, a drill-head, a shalt earried thereby,spaced journal supports l'or the shaft, a truek with wheels under earhjournal support and having their planes ot rotation i':uliallj'disposedwith relation to the axis ol' the shalt, and connected yieldingthrust-bars jnojeetine; radiall)v upward from said journal supports.

S2. ln a drillingr maehine, a rotatable and reeipr()eatery drill-headhaving a hub provided with a stepped soeket, and a shaft for thedrill-head having' one end formed into a series ot shoulders engagingthe face ol the hub and the stepped portions ol the soeket, in the hub.

3?). VIn a drilling maehine, a rotatable and reeiprocatory drill-headhaving a hub formed with a stepped sor-het with one or more por-A tionsot` non-circular routeur, and a supporting: shalt for said drill-headhaving one end redueed and shouldered to lit the socket formed in thehub ol the drill-head and also to bear against the end of the hub,

34. ln a drilling;- maehine, a drill-head, a sha-tt carryingr the same,journal bearings tor the sha-tt, atruek on which the` journal bear ingsaremounted, and bearing plates carried bythe truck and interposedbetween the periphery ofthe drill-head and the wall ot" the bore formedthereby.

35. I n a drilling maehine, a drill-head, a shaft earrying the same,journal supports for the shat't, a truck upon which the journal supportsarejinounted, and bearing plates earried by said truek and interposedbetween the drill-head and the walls ot' the bore formed therebjf', saidbearing plates being provided Awith rollers to engage-the walls ofthebore and anti-frietion bearings to engage the pe riphery ol thedrill-head.

llO

36. 1n a drilling machine, a drill head, a l In testimonythat I claimthe foregoing as shaft carrying the same, journal bearings for i my own,I have hereto aixed my signature the shaft, al truck, and adjustablesupports in the presence of two Witnesses. for'the journalv bearingscarried by the truck JOHN PRUE KARNS.

5 and comprising j ackscrews carrying saidv Witnesses: y

journal bearings and having removable nuts i S. P. DE WQLF, seated inthe truck. A CHARLES B. WARD.

